Menopause in females is a well delineated and abrupt of decline of estrogenic hormones, and reproductive, somatic and psychological functions. Whereas Andropause in males is a controversial concept: not widely accepted.

In Andropause there is a gradual decline of functioning, it is associated with advancing age and characterized by a deficiency in serum androgen levels with or without decreased sensitivity to androgens

The decline in testosterone with aging is related to decreases in both hypothalamic and testicular functions.

Besides aging there are many other causes of testicular dysfunction like medication side effects, thyroid problems, depression and excessive alcohol use, obstructive sleep apnea.

Major symptoms of Andropause are loss of cognitive function, depression, loss of drive, chronic fatigue, lethargy, hot flashes, ED, decrease libido, late life crisis.

There is decrease in muscles mass, increase in fat, changes in hair, skin, and fat distribution, decrease in density & strength of bones.

Testosterone replacement in this population results increase in muscle mass and decrease in fat mass, increased bone mineral density, increase in muscle strength and sexual function, improved generalized feelings of well-being, and improved cognitive function

Side effects being Promotion of fluid retention, Increase in cardiovascular disease risk, worsening of sleep apnea, Fluctuations in mood, Worsening of pre-existing prostatic disease.